Virginia state law · Cloud Counsel
Virginia Employment Code Library
Broad, kept-current Code of Virginia library for workplace disputes — Title 40.1 (Labor and Employment, including VOSH), the Virginia Human Rights Act, VFATA whistleblower protections, and related provisions. Unannotated text from the Virginia Legislative Information System (LIS).
234 sections in the library
Title 2.2 — Administration of Government
Virginia Fraud Against Taxpayers Act
- Va. Code § 2.2-3009Policy.
- Va. Code § 2.2-3010Definitions.
- Va. Code § 2.2-3010.1Discrimination and retaliatory actions against citizen whistle blowers prohibited; good faith required; other remedies.
- Va. Code § 2.2-3011Discrimination and retaliatory actions against whistle blowers prohibited; good faith required; remedies.
- Va. Code § 2.2-3012Application of state or local grievance procedure; other remedies.
- Va. Code § 2.2-3013Notice to employees of whistle blower protection.
- Va. Code § 2.2-3014Fraud and Abuse Whistle Blower Reward Fund.
Title 2.2 — Administration of Government
Virginia Human Rights Act
- Va. Code § 2.2-3900Short title; declaration of policy.
- Va. Code § 2.2-3901Definitions.
- Va. Code § 2.2-3902Construction of chapter; other programs to aid persons with disabilities, minors, and the elderly.
- Va. Code § 2.2-3904Nondiscrimination in places of public accommodation; definitions.
- Va. Code § 2.2-3905Nondiscrimination in employment; definitions; exceptions.
- Va. Code § 2.2-3905.1Reasonable accommodations for persons with disabilities; unlawful discriminatory practice; notice of rights.
- Va. Code § 2.2-3906Civil action by Attorney General.
- Va. Code § 2.2-3907Procedures for a charge of unlawful discrimination; notice; investigation; report; conciliation; notice of the right to file a civil action; temporary relief.
- Va. Code § 2.2-3908Civil actions by private parties.
- Va. Code § 2.2-3909Causes of action for failure to provide reasonable accommodation for known limitations related to pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions.
Title 8.01 — Civil Remedies and Procedure
Chapter 4
- Va. Code § 8.01-243Personal action for injury to person or property generally; extension in actions for malpractice against health care provider.
- Va. Code § 8.01-246Personal actions based on contracts.
- Va. Code § 8.01-247.1Limitation on action for defamation, etc.
- Va. Code § 8.01-248Personal actions for which no other limitation is specified.
Title 8.01 — Civil Remedies and Procedure
Evidence — Duty to Preserve
Title 40.1 — Labor and Employment
Department of Labor and Industry
- Va. Code § 40.1-1Department continued; powers and duties generally; delegation of authority concerning occupational health.
- Va. Code § 40.1-2Definitions.
- Va. Code § 40.1-2.01Certified mail; subsequent mail or notices may be sent by regular mail.
- Va. Code § 40.1-2.1Application of title to Commonwealth and its agencies, etc.; safety and health program for public employees.
- Va. Code § 40.1-3Title provides for safety, health and welfare of employees.
- Va. Code § 40.1-4.1Annual report.
- Va. Code § 40.1-5Governor to appoint Commissioner of Labor and Industry.
- Va. Code § 40.1-6Powers and duties of Commissioner.
- Va. Code § 40.1-7Attorney for the Commonwealth to prosecute on request of Commissioner.
- Va. Code § 40.1-8Other officers to furnish information; protected health information under certain circumstances.
- Va. Code § 40.1-9How Department maintained.
- Va. Code § 40.1-10Offenses in regard to examinations, inspections, etc.
- Va. Code § 40.1-11Using or revealing information gathered.
- Va. Code § 40.1-11.1Employment of illegal immigrants.
- Va. Code § 40.1-11.2Participation in E-Verify program.
- Va. Code § 40.1-11.3Human trafficking hotline; posted notice required; civil penalty.
- Va. Code § 40.1-11.4Seizure first aid posters.
Title 40.1 — Labor and Employment
Protection of Employees
- Va. Code § 40.1-22Safety and Health Codes Commission continued as Safety and Health Codes Board.
- Va. Code § 40.1-22.1Governor authorized to enter certain agreements.
- Va. Code § 40.1-27Preventing employment by others of former employee.
- Va. Code § 40.1-27.1Discharge of employee for absence due to work-related injury prohibited.
- Va. Code § 40.1-27.2Preference for veterans and spouses.
- Va. Code § 40.1-27.3Retaliatory action against employee prohibited.
- Va. Code § 40.1-27.4Discipline for employee's medicinal use of cannabis oil prohibited.
- Va. Code § 40.1-27.5Retaliation against employee for absence due to serving as voluntary emergency responder prohibited.
- Va. Code § 40.1-28Unlawful to require payment for medical examination as condition of employment.
- Va. Code § 40.1-28.01Nondisclosure or confidentiality agreement; provisions regarding sexual assault or sexual harassment; condition of employment.
- Va. Code § 40.1-28.6Equal pay irrespective of sex.
- Va. Code § 40.1-28.7:1Genetic testing or genetic characteristics as a condition of employment.
- Va. Code § 40.1-28.7:2Employers to allow crime victims leave to attend criminal proceedings.
- Va. Code § 40.1-28.7:3Earned income tax credit; employer notice to employee.
- Va. Code § 40.1-28.7:4Release of employee's personal identifying information.
- Va. Code § 40.1-28.7:5Social media accounts of current and prospective employees.
- Va. Code § 40.1-28.7:6Employers to allow leave for volunteer members of Civil Air Patrol; civil remedy.
- Va. Code § 40.1-28.7:7Misclassification of workers.
- Va. Code § 40.1-28.7:8Covenants not to compete prohibited; exceptions; civil penalty.
- Va. Code § 40.1-28.7:9Limiting employees' sharing wage information with other persons prohibited; civil penalty.
- Va. Code § 40.1-28.7:10Prohibited use of employee's social security number; civil penalty.
- Va. Code § 40.1-28.7:11Veterans benefits and services poster.
- Va. Code § 40.1-28.7:12Seeking wage or salary history of prospective employees prohibited; wage or salary range transparency; cause of action; civil penalty.
- Va. Code § 40.1-28.7:13Coercion or threat based on immigration status; civil penalty.
- Va. Code § 40.1-28.8Short title.
- Va. Code § 40.1-28.9(Effective until July 1, 2027) Definitions; determining wage of tipped employee.
- Va. Code § 40.1-28.10Minimum wages.
- Va. Code § 40.1-28.11Penalties.
- Va. Code § 40.1-28.12Employee's remedies.
- Va. Code § 40.1-29Time and medium of payment; withholding wages; written statement of earnings; agreement for forfeiture of wages; proceedings to enforce compliance; penalties.
- Va. Code § 40.1-29.1Investigations of employers for nonpayment of wages.
- Va. Code § 40.1-29.2Employer liability.
- Va. Code § 40.1-29.3Overtime for certain employees.
- Va. Code § 40.1-30Registration of certain nonresident employers with Department.
- Va. Code § 40.1-31Assignment of wages and salaries; requirements.
- Va. Code § 40.1-32Partial assignments invalid.
- Va. Code § 40.1-33Certain assignments not affected.
- Va. Code § 40.1-33.1Retaliatory actions prohibited; civil penalty.
- Va. Code § 40.1-33.2Discriminatory actions prohibited.
- Va. Code § 40.1-33.3Definitions.
- Va. Code § 40.1-33.4Accrual of paid sick leave.
- Va. Code § 40.1-33.5Use of paid sick leave.
- Va. Code § 40.1-33.6Retaliatory action prohibited.
- Va. Code § 40.1-33.6:1(Effective July 1, 2027) Definitions.
- Va. Code § 40.1-33.6:2(Effective July 1, 2027) Accrual of paid sick leave.
- Va. Code § 40.1-33.6:3(Effective July 1, 2027) Use of paid sick leave.
- Va. Code § 40.1-33.6:4(Effective July 1, 2027) Certain health care workers; scope of article.
- Va. Code § 40.1-33.6:5(Effective July 1, 2027) Notice and recordkeeping; regulations.
- Va. Code § 40.1-33.6:6(Effective July 1, 2027) Retaliatory action prohibited.
- Va. Code § 40.1-33.6:7(Effective July 1, 2027) Enforcement; civil penalties; civil actions.
- Va. Code § 40.1-33.7Definitions.
- Va. Code § 40.1-33.8Organ donation leave.
- Va. Code § 40.1-33.9Employee's right to benefits; restoration of position.
- Va. Code § 40.1-33.10Health benefit plan; commission.
- Va. Code § 40.1-33.11Retaliatory action prohibited.
- Va. Code § 40.1-33.12Enforcement; civil penalty.
- Va. Code § 40.1-44.1Rules and regulations relating to tramways and other hauling and lifting devices.
- Va. Code § 40.1-44.2Standards for heat illness prevention.
- Va. Code § 40.1-49.3Definitions.
- Va. Code § 40.1-49.4Enforcement of this title and standards, rules or regulations for safety and health; orders of Commissioner; proceedings in circuit court; injunctions; penalties.
- Va. Code § 40.1-49.5Appeals to Court of Appeals.
- Va. Code § 40.1-49.6Same; attorneys for Commonwealth.
- Va. Code § 40.1-49.7Same; publication of orders.
- Va. Code § 40.1-49.8Inspections of workplace.
- Va. Code § 40.1-49.9Issuance of warrant.
- Va. Code § 40.1-49.10Duration of warrant.
- Va. Code § 40.1-49.11Conduct of inspection, testing, or collection of samples for analysis.
- Va. Code § 40.1-49.12Review by courts.
- Va. Code § 40.1-49.13Voluntary Protection Program.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51State Health Commissioner to provide advice and aid; rules and regulations.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.1Duties of employers.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.2Rights and duties of employees.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.2:1Discrimination against employee for exercising rights prohibited.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.2:2Remedy for discrimination.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.3Duties of health and safety inspectors.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.3:1Penalty for giving advance notice of safety or health inspection under this title.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.3:2Evidence of civil penalty against employer under state, federal, etc., safety codes inadmissible in personal injury or property damage trial.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.4:1Confidentiality of trade secrets.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.4:2Penalty for making false statements, etc.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.4:3Prohibition of use of certain questions on polygraph tests for employment.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.4:4Prohibition of use of polygraphs in certain employment situations.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.4:5Immunity of employees for reporting threatening conduct.
Title 40.1 — Labor and Employment
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Safety Act
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.5Short title; definitions.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.6Safety and Health Codes Board to formulate rules, regulations, etc.; cost of administration.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.7Installations, repairs and alterations to conform to rules and regulations; existing installations.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.8Exemptions.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.9Employment and appointment of inspectors and other personnel; inspections; reports.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.9:1Examination of inspectors; certificate of competency required.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.9:2Financial responsibility requirements for contract fee inspectors.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.10Right of access to premises; certification and recertification; inspection requirements.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.10:1Issuance of certificates; charges.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.11Suspension of inspection certificate; injunctive relief.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.11:1Owner-user inspection agencies.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.12Violation for operating boiler or pressure vessel without inspection certificate; civil penalty.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.13Posting of certificate.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.14When inspection certificate for insured boiler or pressure vessel invalid.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.15Fees.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.15:1Only one inspection necessary.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.16Appeals.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.17Effect of chapter on local ordinances and regulations.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.19Variances.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.19:1Definitions.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.19:2Applicability.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.19:3Inspection and testing.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.19:4Operations and maintenance.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.19:4.1Variances.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.19:5Civil penalty.
Title 40.1 — Labor and Employment
Asbestos Notification
Title 40.1 — Labor and Employment
Virginia Asbestos NESHAP Act
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.23Definitions.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.24Department authorized to enter certain agreements.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.25Safety and Health Codes Board to formulate rules, regulations, etc.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.26Commissioner of Labor and Industry to enforce laws.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.27Inspections, investigations, etc.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.28Issuance of special orders.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.29Decision of Commissioner pursuant to hearing.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.30Appeal to Board.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.31Penalties for noncompliance; judicial review.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.32Owners to furnish plans, specifications and information.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.33Protection of trade secrets.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.34Right of entry.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.35Compelling compliance with regulations and orders of Board; penalty for violations.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.36Judicial review of regulations of Board.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.37Appeal from decision of Board.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.38Appeal to Court of Appeals.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.39Penalties; chapter not to affect right to relief or to maintain action.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.40Duty of attorney for the Commonwealth.
- Va. Code § 40.1-51.41Local ordinances.
Title 40.1 — Labor and Employment
Labor Unions, Strikes, Etc.
- Va. Code § 40.1-52Authority of labor unions to own, encumber and sell real estate.
- Va. Code § 40.1-53Preventing persons from pursuing lawful vocations, etc.; illegal picketing; injunction.
- Va. Code § 40.1-54Payment of certain charges by carriers or shippers to or for benefit of labor organization.
- Va. Code § 40.1-54.1Public policy as to strikes and work stoppages at hospitals.
- Va. Code § 40.1-54.2Strikes and work stoppages at hospitals prohibited; penalty.
- Va. Code § 40.1-54.3Right to vote by secret ballot on labor organization representation.
- Va. Code § 40.1-55Employee striking terminates, and becomes temporarily ineligible for, public employment.
- Va. Code § 40.1-56Department head, etc., to notify employee of such termination, etc.
- Va. Code § 40.1-57Appeal by employee from declaration of ineligibility.
- Va. Code § 40.1-57.1Appeal by employer for reemployment of terminated employee.
- Va. Code § 40.1-57.2Collective bargaining.
- Va. Code § 40.1-57.3Certain activities permitted.
- Va. Code § 40.1-58Policy of article.
- Va. Code § 40.1-58.1Application of article to public employers and employees.
- Va. Code § 40.1-59Agreements or combinations declared unlawful.
- Va. Code § 40.1-60Employers not to require employees to become or remain members of union.
- Va. Code § 40.1-61Employers not to require abstention from membership or officeholding in union.
- Va. Code § 40.1-62Employer not to require payment of union dues, etc.
- Va. Code § 40.1-63Recovery by individual unlawfully denied employment.
- Va. Code § 40.1-64Application of article to contracts.
- Va. Code § 40.1-65Agreement or practice designed to cause employer to violate article declared illegal.
- Va. Code § 40.1-66Conduct causing violation of article illegal; peaceful solicitation to join union.
- Va. Code § 40.1-67Injunctive relief against violation; recovery of damages.
- Va. Code § 40.1-68Service of process on clerk of State Corporation Commission as attorney for union.
- Va. Code § 40.1-69Violation a misdemeanor.
- Va. Code § 40.1-70Department designated agency to mediate disputes.
- Va. Code § 40.1-71Notice of proposed termination or modification of collective bargaining contract; notice prior to work stoppage; injunctions and penalties.
- Va. Code § 40.1-72Commissioner to notify Governor of disputes; mediation and conciliation.
- Va. Code § 40.1-73Commissioner to keep Governor informed of negotiations, etc.
- Va. Code § 40.1-74Right of entry.
- Va. Code § 40.1-75Article not applicable when National Railway Labor Act applies.
Title 40.1 — Labor and Employment
Child Labor
- Va. Code § 40.1-78Employment of children under fourteen and sixteen.
- Va. Code § 40.1-79.01Exemptions from chapter generally.
- Va. Code § 40.1-79.1Exemptions from chapter generally; participation in volunteer fire company activities.
- Va. Code § 40.1-80.1Employment of children.
- Va. Code § 40.1-81.1Records to be kept by employers.
- Va. Code § 40.1-84Employment certificate required.
- Va. Code § 40.1-85Kinds of employment certificates.
- Va. Code § 40.1-87Vacation or part-time employment certificate.
- Va. Code § 40.1-88Work-training certificate.
- Va. Code § 40.1-89Same; employment not allowed; revocation of certificate.
- Va. Code § 40.1-92Issuance of certificates.
- Va. Code § 40.1-93Proof required for employment certificate.
- Va. Code § 40.1-94Proofs of age.
- Va. Code § 40.1-96Contents of employment certificates.
- Va. Code § 40.1-100Certain employment prohibited or limited.
- Va. Code § 40.1-100.1Employment where hazard capable of causing serious physical harm or death.
- Va. Code § 40.1-100.2Employment involving sexually explicit visual material prohibited.
- Va. Code § 40.1-101Qualifications as to theaters.
- Va. Code § 40.1-102Issuance of theatrical permit.
- Va. Code § 40.1-103Cruelty and injuries to children; penalty; abandoned infant.
- Va. Code § 40.1-104Age certificates.
- Va. Code § 40.1-109Newspaper carriers on regular routes; hours.
- Va. Code § 40.1-109.1Child engaged in the work of content creation; criteria.
- Va. Code § 40.1-109.2Child engaged in the work of content creation; trust account.
- Va. Code § 40.1-112Solicitation generally.
- Va. Code § 40.1-113Child labor offenses; civil penalties.
- Va. Code § 40.1-114Enforcement of child labor law.
- Va. Code § 40.1-115School attendance.
- Va. Code § 40.1-116Curfew ordinances not affected.
Title 40.1 — Labor and Employment
Register of Safety and Health Law Violators (Repealed)
Title 40.1 — Labor and Employment
Industrial Hygiene and Safety Profession Title Protection Act
Title 65.2 — Workers' Compensation